Showing posts with label RC Sproul. Show all posts
Showing posts with label RC Sproul. Show all posts

Monday, December 15, 2008

Double predestination 雙重揀選

以下取材自R.C. Sproul -- Chosen by God

Double predestination 雙重揀選建立在equal ultimacy view 上。他們視神的揀選為symmetrical (均稱的) 。神選一些人上天堂,同時也選一些人下地獄。


他們認為神也在不信的人身上動工,讓他們不信。這種神學稱為“hyper-Calvinism” 。當代歸正神學家R.C. Sproul等人卻視為這種神學為“sub-Calvinism”或甚至稱他們為“anti-Calvinism” 。認為這神學是不符聖經教導的。


Hyper-Calvinism最愛用經文為Exodus7:2~5神使法老的心剛硬。


這段經文看來是神使法老犯罪. 。


一般我們會認為,使法老的心剛硬可分:-


actively


or


passively


actively 是指神直接干擾法老的心,如果是actively,肯定神是涉及法老的罪行。


Passively 則是完全不同的故事了,passive hardening 是神審判原已存在的罪。


神要讓那"人"已敗壞的心剛硬,要做的只是"任憑"他恣意妄為。而"任憑"這神學觀念在聖經處處可見。


這時我們需要搬出普遍恩典Common Grace這觀念來談。


普遍恩典Common Grace表神降雨給好人,也給壞人。是好人壞人都蒙恩得到的恩典。而救恩是基督徒的特殊恩典。


一個很重要的普遍恩典Common Grace是我們享受到神對這世界罪惡的束缚(restraint) ,罪惡在這世上受到警察,法律,公眾輿論(public opinion) ,權力制衡等控制及束缚。


神使人心剛硬,就是神不涉及這束缚(restraint) 。


法老可說是當時世界上最有權勢的人,幾乎沒有任何力量可以束缚(restraint)法老。

與其說神使法老的心剛硬,不如說神不束缚他,給他更大的自由。

結論:

神使法老的心剛硬,并非神直接的要法老犯罪,而是"任憑"法老,神并沒揀選"人"下地獄,而是"人"本來的結果是下地獄。

所以并無Double predestination 雙重揀選


Tuesday, December 2, 2008

Golden Chain of Salvation

以下取材自R.C. Sproul – Chosen By God Chapter 6 Foreknowledge and Predestination



羅八:29因為他預先所知道的人,就預先定下效法他兒子的模樣,使他兒子在許多弟兄中作長子。
30預先所定下的人又召他們來;所召來的人又稱他們為義;所稱為義的人又叫他們得榮耀。

Foreknowledge – Predestination – Calling – Justification – Glorification
這是預知論最愛用的經文

出名的Golden Chain of Salvation

乍看之下,這經文看來有道理。神預知,然後預定------呼召------稱義-------得榮耀。先定義這post所要談的預知論。

預知論------表神會揀選你,是因為神知道你會選祂,表示這中間你有選祂的能力,你有“自由意志”可選祂。換句話就是神只揀選那些"會"選祂的。
歸正認為上面的預知論所述是錯的。

Why? 為什麼是錯的?
等一,因為這經文根本沒這意思。

保羅并沒提到神預定是因為神預先知道你會選祂所以才預定。

一般我們說呼召分God’s external call 和 God’s internal call。

God’s external call是聽到牧者講道,基督徒傳福音或傳單之類的。

God’s internal call是神在你心中動工。

經文并沒提到是全部(all)還是部份(some)。

一般我們直覺告訴我們放all較合理。

看看放some是否會符合預知論所述的。

結果是Some of those he foreknew, he also predestined. Some of those he predestined, he also called. Some of those he called, these he also justified. Some of those he justified, he also glorified。

This reading of text leaves us with a theological monstrosity, a nightmare。

只有部份預定的被呼召------稱義。這和聖經不符。

如果是放all,對預知論的觀點也無法成立。

放all,

(A) All who hear the gospel outwardly are justified; or
那些聽過講道,福音或看過傳單之類的都被稱義。或

(B) All who are called by God inwardly are justify。
只有全部神在那人內心動工的才被稱義。

對錯馬上分明。

人不是神,無法在人內心動工。

而且在舊約里的know(認識,知道),是yada
如出33:17;Je1:5;Amos3:2等
新約的know (ginosko)
如太7:23;約10:14;1cor8:3;II Tim 2:19等
是有"親密關係"的意味,是指"人"不是知道某人的"行為"或"決定"。







Saturday, November 1, 2008

Can we know that we are saved


Below are abstract from RC Sproul – Chosen by God chapter 8 (Can we know that we are saved)

To be sure, stating our assurance of salvation may be an act of arrogance. If our confidence in our salvation rests in a confidence in ourselves, it is an act of arrogance.

(1) There are people who are not saved who know that they are not saved.
(2) There are people who are saved who do not know that they are saved
(3) There are people who are saved who know that they are saved.
(4) There are people who are not saved who “know” that they are saved.

>>以上分類有林加道的味道.

Why should you go to Heaven?

80 percent gave an answer that involved some sort of “work righteousness.” People said things like, “I have gone to church for thirty years,” “I have perfect attendance in Sunday school,” or “I have never done any serious harm to anybody.”

They have done “their best” and that, they tragically assume, is good enough for God.

>>> William Hung 在American Idol也是如此說,他也希望評審能給他過關.



God requires perfection to get into his heaven.

參見 >>>>>>> (100point Grace) http://ctloo.blogspot.com/2008/11/100-piont.html

From a biblical standpoint we must realize that it is still not only possible for us to have a genuine assurance of our salvation, but that it is our duty to seek such assurance, If assurance is possible and if it is commanded, it is not arrogant to seek it. It is arrogant not to seek it.

The apostle Peter writes:

(2 Peter 1:10, 11)
彼得後書第一章
所以弟兄們,應當更加殷勤,使你們所蒙的恩召和揀選堅定不移。你們若行這幾樣,就永不失腳。
這樣,必叫你們豐豐富富的得以進入我們主─救主耶穌基督永遠的國。
There are many Christian who are indeed in a state of salvation who lack assurance.
To be lacking in assurance is a grave hindrance to spiritual growth. The person who is not sure of his state of grace is exposed to doubts and terrors in his soul. He lacks an anchor for his spiritual life. His uncertainty makes him tentative in his walk with Christ.

Who can know for sure that he is not elect? – 這問題該是作者問基督徒.
作者的答案是Nobody.


If you are not sure, you would be well advised to make sure. Don’t ever assume that you are not elect. Make your election a matter of certainty.

The apostle Paul was sure of his election. He frequently used the term we when he spoke of the elect. He said toward the end of his life:


(2 Timothy 4:6~8)
提摩太後書第四章
我現在被澆奠,我離世的時候到了。
那美好的仗我已經打過了,當跑的路我已經跑盡了,所信的道我已經守住了。
從此以後,有公義的冠冕為我存留,就是按著公義審判的主到了那日要賜給我的;不但賜給我,也賜給凡愛慕他顯現的人。



(2 Timothy 1:12)
提摩太後書第一章
為這緣故,我也受這些苦難。然而我不以為恥;因為知道我所信的是誰,也深信他能保全我所交付他的(或作:他所交託我的),直到那日。

One Reformed theologian, A.A. Hodge, gives the following list of distinctions between true assurance and false assurance:

Friday, September 26, 2008

Adam’s Fall and Mine

此筆記是摘自RC Sproul 的 Adam’s Fall and mine, 文章可見於http://www.the-highway.com/fall_Sproul.html

另一困擾Reform的問題是:

亞當犯罪,關我們什麼事? 若一開始我們就擁有墮落的本質(Nature),也沒有道德能力(moral ability)來尋求基督,為什麼上帝還要我們負責呢?

墮落是巨大的。它徹底的影響整個人類。

MYTH THEORY OF THE FALL 神話理論的所謂”墮落”



神話理論的"墮落",顧名思義,認為創世記是不存在的。亞當和夏娃是虛構人物,并非只歷史人物。 "墮落"只是一種比喻,是寓言.

根據此理論,創世記的前幾章是神話故事.結構本身己表明是寓言或神話,因內容包括了會說話的蛇,象徵性的”分別善惡”的樹。

罪是一個普遍的問題。每個人都會犯下罪惡,沒有人是完美的。

每個人都是自己的亞當。每個人都有他自己的不為人知的墮落.

此理論的好處

第一,這一觀點的好處是不用把罪歸咎別人. 不用責怪父母或造物主.一人做事一人當.不需defend.

第二, 它逃過需要捍衛歷史,也無需和科學對立。特別是和進化論辯論.

其缺點:

這觀點最失敗的就是很難解釋"普遍性的罪"(universal)。假設我們每個人出生都沒有罪的性質(natural of sin),”普遍性的罪”要如何成立?

以統計學來說假設有40.0億人出生,全部都沒有罪. 也沒有腐敗的性質,那我們有理由期待,至少有一些人是不會墮落。 如果我們的自然道德狀態是無辜是中立的,統計該預測,有一半以上的人類將繼續完善,不至墮落。

但是,如果人人都墮落,沒有一個例外,那麼,我們有理由去思考去wonder 為什麼會如此?

倡導者神話理論的標準答复是: 因為人并沒有出生如伊甸園般那麼清純的環境。 Society is corrupt社會是腐敗的。我們都出生在一個腐敗的環境.

This explanation begs the question.這種解釋問題又來了。
是什麼第一時間讓社會或文明腐敗? (How did society or civilization get corrupt in the first place.)
如果每個人都出生無辜的,沒有一個人腐敗,那來腐敗的社會?

Another thorny question that arises concerns the relationship of sin and death.另一個棘手的問題是:

”罪”和死亡的關係。
The Bible makes it clear that death is not “natural” to man.聖經清楚地表明,死亡不是人的"自然"現象。Death is not “natural” to man.

也就是說,死是罪來到這個世界. 如果所有的人是生而無辜,沒有天生的腐敗,那上帝將是不公平的,祂允許未墮落(unfallen)的嬰兒死亡。

神話觀的墮落也必須面對另一個事實,它違反了聖經。不僅僅認為聖經是虛構,保羅教導”罪”因一人(亞當)到了這世界,除非耶穌對保羅來說也是虛構人物.否則要如何說服人.

創世記2章提到伊甸園四個riverheads ,含Pishon , Gihon , Hiddekel (或底格里斯河) ,和幼發拉底河。


當然我們同意,寓言可提到真正的歷史背景及地理。 好比好撒馬利亞人的寓言也提到往Jericho的路上。但我們相信創世記如此大費周章來敘述,很難讓我們當寓言或神話視之。


另一個事實是家譜. 創世記敘述了亞當和夏娃的家譜.新約也把亞當放在耶穌的家譜。



THE REALIST VIEW OF THE FALL 實際論的墮落


我們會知道歷史是靠文獻,記錄,上課,考試或他人的記憶.

我們都沒老到可記得亞當的墮落。依實際論,我們應該能夠記得,因為我們真的存在。


Realism is not an exercise in a Bridey-Murphy kind of reincarnation.實際論不是談轉世輪迴。 Rather, realism is a serious attempt to answer the problem of the Fall.相反的,實際論是嘗試回答墮落所面對的問題。


The key concept is this: We cannot morally be held accountable for a sin committed by someone else.此理論的重點是:我們不能在道義上承擔別人所犯的罪過.We cannot morally be held accountable for a Sin committed by someone else. 如果我們要承擔負責,我們必須某種程度上有參與此罪惡。



實際論認為人類靈魂存在於出世前。也就是說,在我們出生之前,我們的靈魂必須已經存在。


They were present with Adam at the Fall.They fell along with Adam.他們一起和亞當墮落。


Adam’s sin was not merely an act for us; it was an act with us.亞當的墮落不僅是一個行為,是一個同我們一起的行為。 We were there.我們就在案發現場。
This theory seems speculative, perhaps even bizarre.這個理論很詭異。


Its advocates, however, appeal to two pivotal biblical texts as warrant for this view.它的倡導者,用了兩個關鍵經來支持此觀點。


The first is found in Ezekiel 18:2-4:以西結18:2-4 :


你們在以色列地怎麼用這俗語說父親吃了酸葡萄,兒子的牙酸倒了呢﹖
主耶和華說:我指著我的永生起誓,你們在以色列中,必不再有用這俗語的因由。


看哪,世人都是屬我的;為父的怎樣屬我,為子的也照樣屬我;犯罪的,他必死亡。


Later in this chapter, Ezekiel writes:19,20節,以西結寫道:


你們還說:兒子為何不擔當父親的罪孽呢﹖兒子行正直與合理的事,謹守遵行我的一切律例,他必定存活。


惟有犯罪的,他必死亡。兒子必不擔當父親的罪孽,父親也不擔當兒子的罪孽。義人的善果必歸自己,惡人的惡報也必歸自己。


實際論認為上述經文, God clearly declares that the son is not held guilty for the sins of his father.上帝已明確宣布,兒子不擔當父親的罪孽。


另一經文是在希伯來書:


並且可說那受十分之一的利未,也是藉著亞伯拉罕納了十分之一。
因為麥基洗德迎接亞伯拉罕的時候,利未已經在他先祖的身(原文是腰)中。

這意味著利末必須在某種意義上還沒出生就已經存在。
經


The text does not explicitly teach that Levi really existed or preexisted in the loins of his father.經文并沒明確告訴我們,利末確實存在或preexisted在他先祖的腰,


經文是一種“說話的方式。”經文並沒要求我們下結論說利末“真的” preexisted 。


以西結的情形也差不多是如此,以西結是解決”人”常喜歡”推委塘塞”的醜習,人都喜歡試圖指責別人來洗脫自己的不對行為。


That human activity has gone on since the Fall, but that is about all this passage has to do with the Fall.人類墮落以來已姓”赖”。


In the Fall Eve blamed the serpent, and Adam blamed both God and Eve for his own sin.在墮落後夏娃"赖"蛇,亞當更利害"赖"夏娃又"赖"上帝. 他說:The woman whom You gave to be with me, she gave me of the tree and I ate “(創3:12) 。


FEDERAL OR REPRESENTATIVE VIEW OF THE FALL 聯邦或代表論的”墮落”


聯邦論是比較受歡迎的主張。此論認為亞當代表的整個人類。


With the test that God set before Adam and Eve, he was testing the whole of mankind.亞當和夏娃受試驗,也是整個人類受試驗。


Adam’s name means “man” or “mankind.” Adam was the first human being created.亞當的名字是“人”或“人類”的意思.亞當是第一個人類。


He was placed in the garden to act not only for himself but for all of his future descendents.他被安放在花園裡,不僅為自己,也為他一切未來的後代。 Just as a federal government has a chief spokesman who is the head of the nation, so Adam was the federal head of mankind.正如聯邦政府的首席發言人是代表國家,所以亞當是是代表人類。



The chief idea of federalism is that, when Adam sinned, he sinned for all of us.聯邦論的想法是,當亞當犯罪,他的罪也是我們的罪。


His fall was our fall.他的墮落也我們的墮落。 When God punished Adam by taking away his original righteousness, we were all likewise punished.當上帝的懲罰臨到亞當時,我們同樣的受到懲罰。


The curse of the Fall affects us all.亞當犯罪所带來的詛咒影響到我們所有人。


Not only was Adam destined to make his living by the sweat of his brow, but that is true for us as well.不僅是亞當注定使要流汗收成, 全人類要如此.Not only was Eve consigned to have pain in childbirth, but that has been true for women of all human generations.夏娃分娩時要疼痛,全世界女人要如此. The offending serpent in the garden was not the only member of his species who was cursed to crawl on his belly.花園裡的蛇也不是唯一受詛咒用腹部走路的成員.



When they were created, Adam and Eve were given dominion over the entire creation.當亞當和夏娃受委治理整個大地及神的創造物。 As a result of their sin the whole world suffered.


保羅告訴我們由於他們的犯罪整個世界受到影響。
(羅馬書8:20-22 ) 。



因為受造之物服在虛空之下,不是自己願意,乃是因那叫他如此的。
但受造之物仍然指望脫離敗壞的轄制,得享(享:原文是入)神兒女自由的榮耀。
我們知道一切受造之物一同歎息、勞苦,直到如今。


由於亞當的犯罪,獅子,大象,蝴蝶,狗和小狗也深受其害。 They did not ask for such suffering.他們沒有要求這樣的苦難。 They were hurt by the fall of their master.他們是受主人墮落鼘所連累。


That we suffer as a result of Adam’s sin is explicitly taught in the New Testament.在新約明確地講到我們因亞當的罪而遭受到”罪”的結果。


In Romans 5,在羅馬5 , for example, Paul makes the following observations:例如,保羅提到:

12.這就如罪是從一人入了世界,死又是從罪來的;於是死就臨到眾人,因為眾人都犯了罪。
15.只是過犯不如恩賜,若因一人的過犯,眾人都死了,何況神的恩典,與那因耶穌基督一人恩典中的賞賜,豈不更加倍的臨到眾人嗎﹖
如此說來,因一次的過犯,眾人都被定罪;照樣,因一次的義行,眾人也就被稱義得生命了。
19.因一人的悖逆,眾人成為罪人;照樣,因一人的順從,眾人也成為義了。
There is no way to avoid the obvious teaching of Scripture that Adam’s sin had dreadful consequences for his descendents.聖經明白的說了亞當的罪對他的後裔所带了的可怕後果。


我們仍然留下一個大問題。 If God did in fact judge the entire human race in Adam, how is that fair?如果上帝確實因亞當而審判了整個人類,這公平嗎?


這上帝公平的問題,也是在問亞當作為Federalism 所assumes 的代表,其公正和正當性(fair and accurate)。 聯邦論認為,亞當完全代表了我們。(perfectly)


在我們的法律制度,我們知道,如果我僱用一名男子殺害某人,並和僱傭槍手有合同,我可判一級謀殺罪,儘管我實際上並沒有扣扳機, 我還是犯了罪。 I am judged to be guilty for a crime someone else committed because the other person acted in my place.


以上最明顯的抗議是-- “但是我們并沒有僱亞當來代表我們。 ”這例子只是說明,有一些案件中,罰一個人因另一人的罪行。


The federal view of the Fall still exudes a faint odor of tyranny.聯邦論散發了淡淡的暴政意味。 Our cry is, “No damnation without representation!” Just as people in a nation clamor for representatives to insure freedom from despotic tyranny, so we demand representation before God that is fair and just.我們會哭訢, “我們不要給這會帶來詛咒的做代表! ”正如人們在為誰做這國家的代表而鼓譟,以確保免於專制暴政,所以我們要求我們的代表是公平和正當的。


我們希望有權選擇自己的代表。 We want to be able to cast our own vote, not have somebody else cast that vote for us.我們希望能夠投下自己的選票, The word vote comes from the Latin votum which meant “wish” or “choice.” When we cast our vote, we are expressing our wishes, setting forth our wills. 表決一詞來自拉丁美洲votum這意味著“希望”或“的選擇。 ”當我們把我們的票,我們表達我們的願望,提出我們的意志。



誰選擇了我們的代表,It was almighty God.是全能的上帝。
When God chooses our representative, he does so perfectly.當上帝選擇我們的代表,His choice is an infallible choice.他的選擇是不會錯的。
When I choose my own representatives, I do so fallibly.我們來選擇,我們是容易犯錯的 。



But was the whole process just?但整個過程公正嗎?



I can only answer this question ultimately by asking another question — one the Apostle Paul asked.我只能用使徒保羅的方式回答,問道: “Is there unrighteousness in God?” The apostolic answer to this rhetorical question is as plain as it is emphatic. “有沒有unrighteousness上帝? ”使徒回答 :"God forbid.”


If we know anything at all about the character of God, then we know that he is not a tyrant and that he is never unjust.我們知道,上帝不是一個暴君,上帝從來不會是不公正的。



Yet we still quarrel.然而,我們還是會爭吵。


We still contend with the Almighty.We still assume that somehow God did us wrong and that we suffer as innocent victims of God’s judgment.我們仍然認為上帝把我們推向錯誤,讓我們無辜的受判決。


Such sentiments only confirm the radical degree of our fallenness.這種情緒證實了某個程度上我們還是有fallenness 。


When we think like this, we are thinking like Adam’s children. 此思維方式說明了我們真的是”亞當的孩子”


Calvinism sees Adam sinning by his own free will, not by divine coercion.加爾文主義認為,亞當的犯罪是他自己的自由意志,不是神的脅迫。



One final illustration may be helpful here.最後下面的例證或可幫助。



The illustration is as follows.例證如下:


Suppose God said to a man, “I want you to trim these bushes by three o’clock this afternoon.假設上帝對一個男人說, “我想請你今天下午三點鐘修剪這些灌木。 But be careful.但要小心。There is a large open pit at the edge of the garden.在花園的邊緣有個大坑。


If you fall into that pit, you will ‘not be able to get yourself out.如果你掉下去,會爬不出來。 So whatever you do, stay away from that pit.”因此,不管什麼,遠離這坑。 “


Suppose that as soon as God leaves the garden the man runs over and jumps into the pit.上帝一走開,該名男子,跳入坑內。


At three o’clock God returns and finds the bushes untrimmed.下午三點鐘上帝回來,灌木還是沒修剪 。 He calls for the gardener and hears a faint cry from the edge of the garden. 但花園的邊緣飄來微弱的哭泣聲。


He walks to the edge of the pit and sees the gardener helplessly flailing around on the bottom.園丁在坑內扭動。 上帝問: “Why haven’t you trimmed the bushes I told you to trim?” The gardener responds in anger, “How do you expect me to trim these bushes when I am trapped in this pit? “為什麼你不修剪灌木? ”園丁憤怒回應, “我被困在這個坑,你怎麼能指望我修剪這些灌木?


If you hadn’t left this empty pit here, I would not be in this predicament.”如果你沒有留這個空坑在這裡,我就不會有這種困境。 “


Adam jumped into the pit.亞當跳進坑內。 In Adam we all jumped into the pit.在亞當我們都跳進坑內。 God did not throw us into the pit.上帝并沒有扔我們入坑內。


Adam was clearly warned about the pit.亞當已被警告。


God told him to stay away.上帝告訴他,要遠離。

Thursday, September 18, 2008

Can Or May

JOH 6:65 And he said, Therefore said I unto you, that no man can come unto me, except it were given unto him of my Father.

Can 不是 May

學生問道 : Can I sharpen my pencil?

老師會說 : I am sure that you can. You also may sharpen you pencil.

經文在這里的can是 something has to do with ability(能力), not permission(允許).

耶穌不是說—“No one is allowed to come to me….”
耶穌是說—“No one is able to come to me….”

耶穌是說你有那個“ability” come unto Jesus是父的恩賜(gift)

經文unless or except 是一個necessary condition.

人沒那個“ability”,是神先動工 God must do something first.

Question : Does God give the ability to come to Jesus to all men?

歸正的觀點是NO

Man cannot do it on his own steam without some kind of help from God.

JOH 6:44 No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I will raise him up at the last day.
若不是差我來的父吸引人,就沒有能到我這裡來的;到我這裡來的,在末日我要叫他復活。

Key word : draw “吸引”

一說到吸引,有個woo 或 entice

人是否可拒絕這woo 或 entice ?

有一種比較哲學的說法是 => 神是necessary condition but not sufficient condition

白話一點的說法 ---- 我們若少了那個”吸引”是不能到神來,但那吸引不保證我們會到耶穌那. 這說法看來好很對,我也被說服了,但卻是錯的.



在這里的draw 是 helko (希臘文)
是 irressitable superiority
是to compel
To compel 是 force 多過 woo

這 draw 在James 2:6 ; Act 16:9 的”拉”是同一字.
如電腦的Drag and drop, 你 drag, 就要drop.

John 3:3 耶穌向尼哥底母論重生
John 3:5 又重覆

這里又遇到一個字unless.

歸正的看法是人在接受基督之前,他的心要改變.他必需重生.

Fallen man 是屬肉体的,在肉体他不能做任何事來喜悅神.保羅在羅馬書說:羅8:7原來體貼肉體的,就是與神為仇;因為不服神的律法,也是不能服,8而且屬肉體的人不能得神的喜歡。
誰是屬肉体?
羅8:9.如果神的靈住在你們心裡,你們就不屬肉體,乃屬聖靈了。人若沒有基督的靈,就不是屬基督的。
若 = if

這里有一個邏輯.

神命令我們信耶穌,祂喜歡那些信耶穌的人.如果沒重生的人可選耶穌,那他至少可以做一件事來取悅神.

那就不是如保羅所說的不能得神喜悅.

那保羅是錯的,他堅持屬肉体的人不能得神喜悅.

Conclusion:

我們結論是fallen man 還是有依他的desire來選擇的自由,但他的desire(欲望)是wicked.他缺少moral ability 來到基督.
只要是屬肉体,還沒重生(unregenerate),他將不會選耶穌基督.
事實上,他無法選基督,因他無法違反他自已的意志(will).
He cannot choose Christ precisely because he cannot act against his won will.

罪人無法渴望基督,他無法選,因他沒有那渴望.
人的墮落是大的,大到只有神的有效思典(effectual grace of God)在他心中動工才能带給他信心(faith).

Tuesday, September 16, 2008

Predestination Vs Free Will

何謂Free Will?

一般定義為Free will is the ability to make choices without any prior prejudice, inclination, or disposition.

表面是沒有coercion(強迫,威壓), free will 看來該是如此.

但如此解釋(定義)會有兩個潛在問題.

1) 若我們的選擇是不偏不倚,是中立,是neutral.
是沒理由的,是without rhyme or reason的,是一個pop out.

可能嗎?

答案是:不可能.

2) 如果沒有偏心,欲望或是motivation,完全沒有選擇的理由,那麼選擇是如何決定?

例: Alice in wonderland

Alice在十字路口如何走.





例: neutral-willed mule


一邊放 oats ; 一邊放 wheat. 如果兩邊的東西對mule來說, 欲望同等.
Mule 肯定會starve餓死or paralyzed (僵化).

所以沒有"決定"是不可能有"選擇".

So we must reject the neutral-will theory not only because it is irrational but because, as we shall see, it is radically unbiblical.

選擇一定有經過思維,一定有決定(determine)

Another definition of free will is “the ability to choose what we want.”

Jonathan Edwards 的經典著作– "On the freedom of the will".

Edwards’s law of choice is => “The will always chooses according to its strongest inclination at the moment.”

Natural ability Vs Moral ability

整個predestination的debate在此:
Does fallen man, in and of himself have a desire for GOD.

答案是:NO
Edwards 是emphatic “NO”

Augustine 謂fallen man有free will 但沒有liberty
Fallen man被捆綁,沒有moral ability追求基督的自由.

Original Sin – 指的是對First Sin 的Punishment.

原罪不是“罪”的某一個行為(Specific act)is a condition of sin.